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Runes are the letters used to write Germanic languages in the British Isles and Scandinavia from around 160-1100AD. Their origins are unknown and the earliest runic inscriptions were not texts of any length but simple markings on artefacts, giving the name of the craftsman or owner, or sometimes remaining a mystery. It is possible that the early runes were not so much used as a simple writing system but rather as magical signs to be used for charms, or for divination. The name rune itself means ‘secret, something hidden’.
Joanne Harris uses the Runes of the Elder Script and the Runes of the New Script in Runemarks.
The Runes of the Elder Script |
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Fé: wealth, cattle, property, success |
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Isa: Ice |
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Úr: strength, the mighty Ox |
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Ár: plenty, fruitfulness |
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Thuris: Thor's rune, the Thorny One |
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Yr: the Protector, the Fundament |
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Ós: the Seer-folk, the Æsir |
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Sól: summer, the sun |
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Raedo: the Journeyman, the Outlands |
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Tyr: the Warrior |
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Kaen: Wildlife, Chaos |
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Bjarkán: vision, relevation, dream |
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Hagall: Hail, the Destroyer, Netherworld |
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Madr: mankind, the Folk |
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Naudr: the Binder, distress, need, death |
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Logr: water, the One Sea, the Middle Worlds |
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The Runes of the New Script |
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Aesk: the Ash Tree, Yggdrasil |
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Ethel: the Homeland, Motherhood |
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